Calgary is the largest city in Alberta, with a population of 1.1 million, making it the third largest municipality in Canada. Known as a hotspot for winter sports like skiing, luge, snowboarding and hockey, Calgary draws large numbers of winter tourists to its location in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. The majority of this city's booming economic activity comes from the oil and gas industry. However, because outdoor activities are so popular in this city, Calgary has implemented diversification efforts to focus more on agriculture, high-tech industry and manufacturing.

With a semi-arid, continental climate, Calgary experiences cold, relatively dry winters and pleasantly warm summers with occasional thunderstorms. However, visitors should be aware of Calgary's variable climate, with temperatures ranging from a record low of -45°C/-49°F in 1893, to a record high of 36°C/97°F in 1919. This city of extremes is influenced by its proximity to the Rockies and warm Chinook winds that blow in from the Pacific during the winter. Despite its reputation, Calgary is one of the sunniest Canadian cities, with 2,400 hours of sunshine annually. Nonetheless, visitors should come prepared for all weather conditions.

Most offices maintain Monday-Friday hours, usually 9am-5pm. Retail businesses generally open from about 10am-9pm Monday-Saturday, and Noon-5pm on Sunday.

New Year's Day   January 1   Alberta Family Day   Third Monday in February   Good Friday   Friday before Easter   Easter Sunday   Varies   Victoria Day   Monday on or before May 24   Canada Day   July 1   Labour Day   First Monday in September   Thanksgiving   Second Monday in October   Remembrance Day   November 11   Christmas Day   December 25

The province of Alberta recognizes three "optional holidays," which include Easter Monday, Heritage Day (first Monday in August) and Boxing Day (December 26), when some businesses, government offices and schools may be closed.

The Calgary International Airport, located just north of the city center, is the only major airport in the Calgary area. Home to over 30 airlines, transportation into the city by air is easy and convenient. Calgary also has many major roadways, including Highway 1, known as the Trans-Canada Highway, which spans the entire country. In addition, Highway 2 runs through the heart of the city and past the YCC Airport, making it a convenient city thoroughfare. In the winter, be sure to check for road closures before starting your journey.

After arriving in Calgary, visitors will have plenty of local transportation options at their disposal. Driving yourself around town is a good option for those with good map-reading skills who enjoy sticking to their own schedule. However, due to Calgary's confusing lay-out and frequent traffic issues, public transportation is an excellent alternative. While there is no VIA Rail system in the city, there is a quick and efficient train system within the city, as well as a great bus system. Another popular option is Calgary's extensive urban pathway system.

Calgary has two major newspapers, the Calgary Herald and the Calgary Sun, in addition to a variety of free daily newspapers, weekly entertainment publications and monthly business reviews. The Herald is the city's largest newspaper, reaching over 115,000 residents. This publication is known to have conservative leanings and focuses on world news and events as well as local happenings. The Sun, however, highlights mostly community news, sports and entertainment, and it offers a more compact design. Both publications make a great read for those looking to stay informed during their vacation.

Among its many accolades, the city of Calgary is known as a hub for winter sports, hosting the 1988 Winter Olympics. During your stay, do more than simply visit Olympic Plaza, though this beautiful area is certainly a must-see. Experience for yourself the many amazing outdoor activities at your fingertips, like Banff and Jasper National Parks, which boast unrivaled skiing opportunities, and Calgary's own widespread network of pathways, recognized as one of the most extensive multi-use path systems in North America.

The best way to become acquainted with the city is to take a guided tour. Because the city has become so spread out, self-guided tours may not be a cost-efficient choice. However, bus tours allow you to see all the highlights of Calgary, learn about its unique quadrant lay-out and maybe meet a few fellow travelers along the way. Hammerhead Scenic Tours (403-804-7125) and Creative Western Adventures (403-571-2380) both offer interesting and informative guided tours of the city. Sign up and start your Canadian adventure off right.

Prices displayed in Canada do not include sales tax, and it's customary to add a tip for services. Restaurant servers typically get 15%-20% of the bill, and taxi drivers usually get 15% of the tab, while one dollar covers many others situations. A 5% goods and services tax applies on nearly every transaction in Canada, but Alberta is the only Canadian province that does not apply an additional provincial sales tax. So, Calgarians and visitors should feel free to spend money at will, but remember to tip those who provide a service.

Calgary is a reasonably safe city, but like any metropolis, it has its fair share of crime. Visitors should store valuables in a safe deposit box, carry money in a secure spot and remain aware of their surroundings. A few areas in Calgary may require increased caution, primarily the East Village and Victoria Park areas of downtown. Beggars are common throughout downtown, and though harmless, they can be persistent. Rest assured knowing that Calgary has an effective police force, four world-class hospitals and a 24-hour Health Link (943-LINK), should you require assistance.